X-ray Diffraction is a powerful technique for investigating the crystal structure of a materials - that is how atoms are arranged in solids. Over the years, this technique has been used for many Nobel Prize winning investigations.

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Student guide - high school level

Student guide - Intermediate undergraduate level

Student guide - Advanced undergraduate

Student guide - graduate level

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The simulation to the right has been built on PhET technology. Check out more at the PhET website.

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Also the code for this simulation is freely available at its github repository.